During communistic times film production in the East European bloc, although ideologically guided, received stable and predictable state funding. After the revolution, the production and distribution monopoly collapsed and the financial base was gone, leaving many countries struggling. Up until the late '90s, access to the international market was quite restricted for East Europeans. Filmmakers had no other possibilities than to rely on the narrow and very locally oriented national or public tv slots geared towards in-country topics, or on insufficient and unreliable budgets from the regional film funds.

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